The distribution of bryophytes on the Dutch island of Ameland is discussed. In total 163 bryophytes have been recorded from Ameland; 21 of these species are probably extinct nowadays. During the last decennia several changes in the bryophyte flora can be recognized. There is an impoverishment of the bryophyte flora of Nanocyperion vegetation and of young moist and calcareous dune valleys. At the same time there is an increase of terrestric bryophytes of relatively acid soils. The recorded strong increase of epiphytes is probably the result of a reduction of SO2-emission in the Netherlands, and an increase of Sambucus nigra on the island.