The importance of karstic caves and fissure fillings of the Baleares for the paleontology is discussed. These caves and fissure fillings contain fossils from the bovid Myotragus of which the evolutionary changes in dentition and postcranial elements are discussed. Further the differences in faunal composition between the Gymnesics (Mallorca and Menorca) and the Pityusics (Ibiza and Formentera) are discussed.