Fossil remains of mammals are found in sediments dredged in the neighbourhood of Bemmel (N. of Nijmegen). All the material does not have the same degree of fossilisation. One part is heavy fossilized. This material belongs to Mammuthus primigenius, Coelodonta antiquitatis and Bison priscus which indicate cold, glacial conditions, and to Elephas antiquus and Capreolus capreolus indicating temperate conditions. The other part is composed of less fossilized material which belongs to other species like Castor fiber, Canis familiaris, Equus caballus, Sus scrofa, Bos taurus and Homo sapiens. These species indicate temperate conditions. In view of these differences the assemblage is divided into three different faunas which probably derive from different levels. Elephas antiquus and Capreolus capreolus probably derive from the Kreftenheye III Formation which is deposited during the Eemian. Mammuthus primigenius, Coelodonta antiquitatis and Bison priscus probably have a Middle-Weichselian age but it is also possible that a part of them derives from the Kreftenheye Formation II, deposited during the latest part of the Saalian period. The other species have lived more recent, probably during the Holocene period.

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Grondboor & Hamer

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Nederlandse Geologische Vereniging

T. van Kolfschoten. (1983). Fossiele zoogdierresten afkomstig uit zuigputten te Bemmel. Grondboor & Hamer, 37(2), 61–68.