An anatomical investigation of 68 wood species, mainly from the mountains of Indonesia, was made. The mountain species show less specialized characters viz. tracheids and/or scalariform perforations are common, whereas in the lowland species tracheids are usually replaced by woodfibres and scalariform perforations are completely wanting. A correlation with taxonoraical classification is absent. The possibility is considered that these characters have a relation to ecological circumstances.