One of the most beautiful dragonflies in the Netherlands is the yellow and black Club-tailed dragonfly (Gomphus vulgatissimus). In the 1980s the species had declined alarmingly, but since 1996 there has been a sudden increase. Large numbers of the dragonfly have been sighted in the eastern part of the country, especially along the Buursebeek river (province Overijssel). It is suggested that the species is doing so well lately thanks to an improvement of the water quality in its habitat. The life history of G. vulgatissimus is described briefly.