Pollination of Eulophia cristata (Sw.) Steud. (Orchidaceae) in Southern Ghana

The floral biology of Eulophia cristata, a common West African ground orchid, is described. The flowers have no obvious attractants other than their shape and colour, but are visited and pollinated by carpenter bees (Xylocopa olivacea). Few flowers are pollinated. Self-pollination appears to lead to the production of fewer seeds than cross-pollination.