Parmelia coniocarpa in Nederland

The distribution of Parmelia coniocarpa (P. perlata, P. trichotera, Parmotrema chinense) in The Netherlands is discussed. Before 1910 it was a rather common species all over the country. With the industrial revolution it became a rare species, restricted to coastal areas. Until the eightees it remained rare and there was no propagation. After 1980 it started a rapid recolonization and by now it is widespread and rather common again.