Climatic changes as we think to observe nowadays are part of climatic fluctuations which characterize the Ice Age or Pleistocene during the past 2,4 million years. The fluctuations in the climate, which can be explained by an astronomic model, are indicated in e.g. the oxygen-isotope curve and the curve based on the palaeobotanical record. The changes in climate and vegetation affect the mammal fauna. They cause e.g. migration, adaptation and extinction of mammal species.