According to current beliefs, Man evolved in Africa and migrated into Europe and Asia around 1.5 million years ago. Recently stone artifacts were discovered in northern Pakistan, which are possibly over 2 million years old. Even though until now no human fossils have been found in this area, these stone artifacts indicate that the ’Cradle of Mankind’ may partly be situated outside Africa. This is the last lecture in the congress ’Cradle of Mankind’. The other lectures were published in Cranium 11(2).