The woolly mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius (Blumenbach, 1799), is a well-known extinct elephant. Numerous researchers from different countries dedicated their work and publications to this proboscidean. Many mammoth studies are traditionally based on the morphology of the dentition. Teeth, especially third molars, are most frequent among mammoth remains. Within the last eighty years, a lot of data on the structure of soft tissues and internal organs has been made public. First steps have been made in soft tissue histology studies and in studies of the mammoth karyotype. Similarity of some DNA sequences in M. primigenius and E. maximus show that mammoths and elephants are sister groups within a monophyletic branch of Elephantidae (Osawa et al., 1995; Hauf et al., 1999). Recent combined archeo-zoological studies on Late Paleolithic sites provide new fascinating information on some important features of interaction between man and mammoth during the Late Pleistocene (Anonymous, 1982; Boriskovskii, 1984; Ivanova et al., 1987; Abramova, 1995; Haynes, 1985, 1989, 1999; Soffer, 1985, 1993, 1995; Frison & Todd, 1986). In addition, the woolly mammoth has become an object of many disciplines within pleistocene studies that border on paleontology and archeology, because M. primigenius is evidently a most widespread large mammal, whose evolution is closely connected with the environmental conditions of the Pleistocene.