During the Pleistocene dwarfed hippos lived on four Mediterranean islands. The smallest, Hippopotamus minutus, lived on Cyprus, a slightly bigger one, Hippopotamus creutzburgi, on Crete, the last but one, Hippopotamus melitensis, on Malta and the largest finally, Hippopotamus pentlandi, lived on Sicily. The dwarfing is related to the absence of terrestrial predators.