Pleistocene tundra-steppe: arguments pro and con

The hypothesized existence of a Pleistocene ‘tundra-steppe’ must find support in three components: phytogeography, palynology, and paleozoology. However, in reality each component separately does not provide the evidence to uphold the interpreted existence of a tundra-steppe. We suggest the idea of tundra-steppe is a false scenario that prevents us from understanding the actual habitats that existed in the Pleistocene.