A review of the exclusively South American components of the genus Psaironeura Williamson shows that only 2 spp. are involved, P. bifurcata (Sjostedt), and P. tenuissima (Selys). P. machadoi De Marmels is considered a synonym of P. bifurcala. Illustrations of the variability within the appendages, keys to S 3, and comments on the taxonomy of the group are included.