Fine-structural changes in the egg chorion of Bradinopyga geminata (Rambur) induced by paper mill effluent (Anisoptera: Libellulidae)

The egg chorion of the dragonfly B. geminata undergoes major structural changes when incubated in paper mill effluent. The exochorion becomes blemished, marred and perforated. It bunches into a granular condition and looses its jelly-like original identity. The endochorion develops cracks and is pitted with holes. The hexagonal demarcations of the endochorion plates are obliterated and replaced by a network of angular surface reticulations. The micropylar stalk and the circular basal ridge dissolve and distort the micropylar apparatus.