Pseudamnicola species and other freshwater gastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from East Anatolia (Turkey), the Ukraine and the Lebanon

The occurrence of new Pseudamnicola species and other freshwater hydrobiid gastropods from East Anatolia, Turkey, is discussed. The geological history of the area, starting from the Miocene Tethys Sea and its shores, is summarized. In this context the endemic character of the molluscan fauna of the Gölbaşi lake area near Adiyaman is mentioned, and a new Gyraulus subspecies is described from that region. Additionally, two new species of hydrobiids are described, from the Ukraine and the Lebanon, respectively. Altogether six new species and one new subspecies are introduced, viz. Pseudamnicola bilgini spec. nov., P. intranodosa spec. nov., Orientalina caputlacus, spec. nov., Belgrandiella edessana spec. nov., B. nemethi spec. nov., B. libanica spec. nov., and Gyraulus piscinarum acutissimus subspec. nov. The anatomy of most of these was studied and evaluated.