The genera and biogeography of Fasciolariinae (Gastropoda, Neogastropoda, Fasciolariidae)

The classification of Fasciolariinae, a group of large predatory fasciolariid neogastropods, is revised at the generic level. Type selections for all genera are made, and all types are illustrated. On the basis of shell characters of most fossil and all living species, we recognize fourteen genera: Africolaria gen. nov. (type species: Fasciolaria rutilaWatson, 1882), Recent, Agulhas Bank, South Africa; Aurantilaria gen. nov. (type species: Fasciolaria aurantiaca Lamarck, 1816), Early Miocene to Recent, western Atlantic and Europe; Australaria gen. nov. (type species: Pyrula australasia Perry, 1811), Middle Miocene to Recent, southern and eastern Australia; Cinctura Hollister, 1957 (type species: Pyrula hunteria Perry, 1811), Pliocene to Recent, eastern North America; Fasciolaria Lamarck, 1799 (type species: Murex tulipa Linnaeus, 1758), Early Pliocene to Recent, western Atlantic; Filifusus gen. nov. (type species: Fusus filamentosus Röding, 1798), Recent, Indo- West Pacific; Granolaria gen. nov. (type species: Murex salmo Wood, 1828), Early Miocene to Recent, tropical America; Kilburnia gen. nov. (type species: Fasciolaria heynemanni Dunker, 1870), Recent, South Africa; Liochlamys Dall, 1889 (type species: Mazzalina bulbosa Heilprin, 1886), Early Pleistocene, Florida; Lugubrilaria gen. nov. (type species: Fasciolaria lugubris A. Adams & Reeve in Reeve, 1847), Pleistocene and Recent, South Africa and Namibia; Pleuropoca Fischer, 1884 (type species: Murex trapezium Linnaeus, 1758), Late Miocene to Recent, Indo-West Pacific; Pliculofusus gen. nov. (type species: Fasciolaria scalarina Heilprin, 1886), Early Miocene to Pleistocene, southern and eastern United States (containing species formerly included in Terebraspira); Terebraspira Conrad, 1862 (type and only species: Fasciolaria elegans Emmons, 1858), Early Pliocene, eastern North America; and Triplofusus Olsson & Harbison, 1953 (type species: Fasciolaria gigantea Kiener, 1840), Pliocene to Recent, western Atlantic and eastern Pacific. We also describe Australaria tenuitesta spec. nov. Unusual features that have evolved in the Fasciolariinae include an enveloped shell (Liochlamys), small folds on the inner side of the siphonal canal (Pleuroploca, Pliculofusus, Terebraspira), beaded or discontinuous ridges on the inner side of the outer lip (some Aurantilaria, Filifusus, Pliculofusus, Terebraspira), and a corrugated operculum (Aurantilaria, some Triplofusus). Several taxa associated in the past with Fasciolaria or Fasciolariinae are reassigned to other major groups. Besides Pleia Finlay, 1930, which Beu (2011) reassigned to Peristerniinae in Fasciolariidae, these taxa include: Fusus buxeus Reeve, 1847 (type species of Viridifusus gen. nov. Recent, Cape Verde Archipelago); Neolatirus Bellardi, 1884 (type species: Fasciolaria recticauda Fuchs, 1877), Middle to Late Miocene, Europe; Tarantinaea Monterosato, 1917 (type species: Murex lignarius Linnaeus, 1758), Miocene to Recent, Europe; and Saginafusus Wenz, 1943 (type species: Fusus pricei E. A. Smith, 1887), northern Australia and Indonesia. Viridifusus is assigned to Fusininae (Fasciolariidae); Tarantinaea and Neolatirus are assigned to Peristerniinae; and Saginafusus is assigned to Melongenidae.